Climate Change - Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Change - Global warming - Research Paper Example So talking about environmental change we don't mean the current day changes yet we look them through in the correlation with numerous years' information. Atmosphere incorporates such highlights as the normal temperature, measure of the rainfalls, number of bright days and other variable boundaries which are diverse in the better places of the Earth. Simultaneously there are a few procedures that can impact states of the specific district as well as huge regions on the planet. So we can talk about environmental change. There are a few meanings of this term is broadly utilized today. The Oxford word reference (2014) gives us the definition â€Å"A change in worldwide or territorial atmosphere designs, specifically a change obvious from the mid to late twentieth century onwards and credited to a great extent to the expanded degrees of environmental carbon dioxide delivered by the utilization of fossil fuels.† and the NOAA (2014) characterized it as â€Å"A non-irregular change i n atmosphere that is estimated more than quite a few years or more. The change might be because of characteristic or human-prompted causes.† For assurance of environmental change such files as changes of the normal climate boundaries and changes in the recurrence of outrageous climate marvels are utilized. The reasons cause atmosphere changes are dynamic procedures on the Earth, outer impacts, for example, changes in the sun radiations and in the ongoing years - human exercises. Present day environmental change towards the warming is called â€Å"Global warming†. There are a great deal of examinations that show changes of meteorological records and their impact on worldwide atmosphere changes and furthermore the human life. Crafted by Sippel and Otto (2014) is centers around an ongoing blistering and dry summer with excellent multi-day heat waves. Their own outcomes and examinations of the writing show that power and recurrence of month to month and 5-day warm temperature limits in summer have expanded

Social Networking our Young Generation Essay

Long range interpersonal communication our Young Generation Essay Long range interpersonal communication locales are electronic administrations, with an enormous online network. Sites like Facebook, MySpace or Twitter give person to person communication administrations which unite individuals everywhere throughout the world by permitting them to become more acquainted with one another in an online situation. This cooperation is probably going to incorporate families, fellowship and sentimental and bunch connection. With the assistance of systems administration, it can assist individuals with making companions and to look to locate some close to home relationship and families can keep in contact all the more without any problem. These days, gigantic number of individuals associates with systems administration destinations and it additionally expands the quantity of relationship. The sites consolidate numerous web highlights into one: individual profile, sites, places for photographs and recordings, the most recent news about music gatherings, client gatherings, and that's just the beginning. Individuals utilize long range interpersonal communication locales to creating business contacts and keeping in touch with them. Sites like LinkedIn can be advantageous spot for experts to meet and discussion about business. Creating business contacts on the web is more often than not simpler and quicker than disconnected. Points The point of the examination is clarify the Importance of taking an interest in web gatherings and intuitive with others and one-on-one from the individual self idea and social relationship. This examination likewise advise how the information is to be investigated and social move is to be made which will be completed in the field so this exploration targets understanding change reproducing and taking a stab at a comprehension of the entirety. So approach which suites my inquiry is subjective research and the essential point of this examination is to contemplate the individuals collaboration on web as we as a whole know the now days individuals have been interested about how the incredible new data and correspondence media known as web association is going on in the general public. Goals Advance your business utilizing person to person communication destinations. Impacts of person to person communication sites on the youthful age. Wellbeing destinations of youthful age. Favorable circumstances and Disadvantages of Social systems administration destinations. Writing survey Web is above all else correspondence innovation with the possibility to change individuals social communication. Web selection in homes has developed quickly since the mid 1990s. For Example by 2003 63% of American had utilized the web. In 1990s, Information innovation specialists anticipated that the web should be committed to the garbage pile of history. Web has become a fundamental piece of our lives; numerous sites have office ways for individuals to stay in contact as long range interpersonal communication. Long range informal communication locales are the route for cooperate with new individuals and to make associations just as offer photographs, recordings, and exercises with one another (Red Sox Nation, Northern California).. In the previous 5 years, such locales have soared and a huge number of individuals use organizing destinations. As per Amanda Lenhart and Mary Madden demonstrates that 55% of online adolescents have made an individual profile on the web, and 55% have utilized systems administration locales like MySpace and Face book. A person to person communication website incorporates both the trading of data among people and gathering on the web. Articulation additionally speaks to a view viewpoint, reflection, or nature of the individual or gatherings. Long range interpersonal communication is more focussed on singular relations and objectives than is city and network contribution and systems administration with explicit others whom one either knows at first or in the long run comes to know. This cooperation is probably going to incorporate families, fellowship and sentimental and bunch relationship. Video-sharing site is a likewise place where people can make association with each other. YouTube additionally permits a client to include another client as their companion. Articulations allude to the material that is made by individual or gatherings to mirror their perspectives, interests or abilities. Basically web dependent on long range interpersonal communication destinations to construct the individual and relationship and give the importance to people groups lives. This destinations help to individuals permit making social relationship and it additionally used to discover new companions in new find. There are numerous ways the web can be utilized for social relationship as follows seem to be:- Web based visiting Web based dating Discovering life accomplices Online companionship Some more Web based visiting By utilizing web based visiting on web numerous companions and family members have come nearer and to realize to one another. Calling is over the top expensive and individuals cannot bear to call. With the assistance of systems administration destinations, individuals can associate with their family members and get the chance to talk each other effectively and they can see one another and visit through web. Web based dating Long range informal communication sites are an extraordinary method of meeting individuals new individuals everywhere throughout the world. Presently days, individuals are meeting and dating on the web. Individuals can visit to someone whenever, wherever and anyplace. They are having enormous relationship with others, so they will ask they won't go out with them since they are dating to somebody. Discovering Life accomplices Social destinations center around a wide range of parts of life, which makes it simpler to discover and make associations with others who share shared objectives and interests, including love. By utilizing customary types of marriage creation for the most part of masterminded relationships, web has gradually being altered to the orchestrate marriage since it can serve the quality of convention particularly when present day state of advances seen to in choose custom. Fellowship Circle By utilizing these locales texting it permits modest talking among individuals and among gathering of companion or family. It additionally offers a decent method of speaking with companions close by or distant, without agonizing over time or cost. This movement prompts tremendous articulation of contact and intelligence numerous individuals appreciate prepared for results relationship. I simply like keeping up to visit with someone and it causes me to feel incredible to know someone and to make new association. So in this examination the proof emphatically recommend that the web has just been utilized to incredible upgrade the social relationship. The significance is social and is making both individual level and aggregate level social capital. Systems administration locales likewise utilized for creating business contacts and to make associations with them. Sites like LINKEDIN can be appropriate spot for experts to meet and discussion about business. Creating business on the web is the more often than not simpler and quicker than disconnected. Long range informal communication locales are likewise elevating a business to a more extensive crowd and worldwide advertising .Nowadays, most of business in any event one sort of online nearness. All the above explanation include that the simple and compensating association with others, just as the individual or expert addition that individuals acquire from joining long range informal communication destinations. These locales prevail at making ever ybody part of worldwide society. In our examination, interpersonal interaction destinations can impacts on the youthful ages. Therefore, person to person communication sites have broad fascination for adolescents with the quantity of clients developing day by day. In 2007, Pew Internet and American life Project report that 55% of online youngsters have an individual profile (facebook, twitter, orkut) on this sort of site. Today, adolescents pull in these destinations in light of this sites join numerous highlights into one like individual profile, sites, recordings and photographs sharing, and some more. Alongside these advantages come a few dangers. As reason that there are number of cases for badgering or lewd gestures. A large portion of these locales are available to all, particularly MySpace or face book which implies that young people could be uncovered our own data and our personality to somebody. Digital bulling and provocation are all the more frequently submit by different adolescents and for the most part will in general happen most to more seasoned young ladies and either sexual orientation who have a solid online nearness. There such a large number of a few structures like posting compromising messages, distributing private messages, messages or instant messages, posting humiliation photographs and some more. Another hazard is distinguishing burglary, which implies someone can enter your own profile they can think about everything like, your name, birthdates and your area. So today, its uncommon for badgering to everywhere throughout the world however it can even now be a reason for enthusiastic trouble for youths. Therefore, most person to person communication destinations have security controls set up, however youths barely ever use them. On the off chance that you can do dynamic checking of profiles and practices gets a few programmers, however not every one of them. Here certain tips of wellbeing locales for youthful age just as youngster additionally when they made our profil e it ensure they comprehend not to post individual data like personal residence, birthdates, email address, portable number and so on the grounds that this data is private to them and not for sharing. And furthermore clarify that what gets put on the web can live perpetually its methods on the off chance that you evacuate your image later it might have been replicated by another person and abuse of your image moreover. The primary wellbeing tips are that you should use for secret key for your profile and ensure their secret word can't be handily speculated. Overview results show that rate for grown-ups with profile on informal communication destinations September 2009 information. In this chart shows that grown-ups in all age bunch favor for face book by a wide edge, with more established grown-ups inclining toward it marginally more. In 73% of all grown-ups 18 and more established have use face book just as grown-ups 30 and more seasoned has 75% and youthful grown-ups 18-29 has 71% who utilize person to person communication locales have a face book account. C:UsersHarmeet SinghDesktopuntitled.png Interestingly, 48% of all grown-up informal community clients have a MySpace account. Youthful age is significantly more utilizing MySpace with 66% however just 36% of the 30 and more seasoned section. In different rates for proficient systems administration destinations LinkedIn are the opposite of MySpace. 14% of all grown-ups 18 person to person communication destinations clients have LinkedIn account, which separates t

The power of encouragement

The power of encouragement A really nice story reminding us not to give up too early.Dante Gabriel Rossetti, the famous 19th-century poet and artist, was once approached by an elderly man.The old fellow had some sketches and drawings that he wanted Rossetti to look at and tell him if they were any good, or if they at least showed potential talent. Rossetti looked over  them carefully. After the first few, he knew that they were worthless but Rossetti was a kind man, he told the elderly man as gently as possible that the pictures were without much value and showed little talent. He was sorry, but he could not lie to the man. The man was disappointed, but seemed to expect Rossettis judgment.Dante Gabriel RossettiThe old man then apologized for taking up Rossettis time, but asked him to look at a few more drawings.Rossetti looked over the second batch of sketches and immediately became enthusiastic over the talent they revealed. These, he said, oh, these are good.This young student has a great talent. He should be given every help and encouragement. He has a great future.Rossetti could see that the old fellow was deeply moved.Who is this fine young artist? he asked.  Your son?No, said the old man sadly.It is me   40 years ago. If only I had heard your praise then! For you see, I got discouraged and gave up too soon.Author Unknown

Character Analysis Of Florence And Trifles And Doubts

In the plays, Florence and Trifles and Doubts, there are many different topics that are prominent. The ones I plan on focusing on are gender roles and race roles. The gender roles in Trifles and Doubts that I shall talk about is how our main character, Mrs. Write, went over the edge in traditional women’s roles in the 1900’s. The race roles in Florence that I shall talk about is how that despite in a racist society, someone can still chase their dreams. This 1950 play by Alice Childress takes place in a train station waiting room in a very small town in the south. The play describes how Miss Whitney, an old black woman, discovers that her premonition of the success of her daughter, Florence, as a black actress is undesirably similar to†¦show more content†¦She got notions a Negro woman don t need. She must think she s white! (Childress. 1320) Her mother expresses a bit more faith responding, Maybe we shoulda just sent her the money this time. This one time. (Childress. 1320) As Marge leaves the station we are introduced to Mr. Brown, an old black porter. As Mr. Brown speaks with Miss Whitney we find out that his son and brother are both attending different colleges. Miss Whitney expresses her thoughts by saying, takes an awful lot of goin to school to be anything. (Childress.1322) Mr. Brown also informs Miss Whitney that his brother saw Florence in a movie. This excites Miss Whitney only for a second as she proceeds to ask Mr. Brown about his brother s aspirations, as if it were more interesting. The conversation is short due to the entrance of Mrs. Carter. Mrs. Carter is introduced in the play as a white woman†¦well dressed, wearing furs and carrying a small, expensive overnight bag. (Childress. 1322) Mrs. Carter is on her way back home to New York City. Although she thinks of herself as being beyond the racist state of the south, we are immediately exposed to her racist mentality as she speaks her first word, Boy, (Childress. 1322) referring to the porter, a fifty year-old black man. As she paces back and forth in the white side of the room, Mrs. Carter begins a conversation with Miss Whitney. During the conversation we learnShow MoreRelatedEssay on Winter Olympics 2006 Marketing Plan16242 Words   |  65 PagesPiervincenzo Bondonio is Professor of Public Economics, Department of Economics and OMERO, University of Torino, Italy – piervincenzo.bondonio@unito.it. Nadia Campaniello is a Doctoral Candidate, Interuniversity Centre for the Comparative Analysis of Law and Economics, Torino, Italy – nadia.campani ello@unito.it. Olympika XV (2006), pp. 1-33 1 Bondonio Campaniello In the Piedmont, however, in two cases the figures, compared to Salt Lake City, show a reduction (although moderate)Read MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 PagesPhenomenology of the Narrative, 16 II Problems of Film Semiotics Chapter 3. Chapter 4. Chapter 5. The Cinema: Language or Language System? 31 Some Points in the Semiotics of the Cinema, 92 Problems of Denotation in the Fiction Film, 108 III Syntagmatic Analysis of the Image Track Chapter 6. Outline of the Autonomous Segments in Jacques Rozier s film Adieu Philippine, 149 Chapter 7. Syntagmatic Study of Jacques Rozier s Film Adieu Philippine, 177 vii viii CONTENTS IV The Modern Cinema: Some TheoreticalRead MoreCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 PagesCase Studies C-1 INTRODUCTION Preparing an effective case analysis C-3 CASE 1 CASE 2 CASE 3 CASE 4 CASE 5 CASE 6 CASE 7 ABB in China, 1998 C-16 Ansett Airlines and Air New Zealand: A flight to oblivion? C-31 BP–Mobil and the restructuring of the oil refining industry C-44 Compaq in crisis C-67 Gillette and the men’s wet-shaving market C-76 Incat Tasmania’s race for international success: Blue Riband strategies C-95 Kiwi Travel International Airlines Ltd C-105 CASE 8 Beefing up the beefless

Why The Drinking Age During The U.s. Should Be Lowered

Insert name Professor’s name Course/class Date Why the drinking age in the U.S. should be lowered to 18 Getting to 18 years of age is an important milestone for a US resident because it is the legal age for independence, allowing the individual to make his or her decisions regarding tobacco smoking, driving and even joining the armed forces while being treated as an adult by the justice system. While this statement is essentially accurate, it is untrue concerning the ability to purchase and drink alcohol. This is because the US law has set the threshold for alcohol purchase and consumption at 21 years of age (Mistral 1980). The question then remains; if an individual is considered an adult at 18 years of age, is it not right to allow them to purchase and consume alcohol at the same age? Answering this question has been a matter of polarizing debate, with those in support of and opposition to lowering the drinking age presenting valid arguments. The present paper discusses the same argument with a subjective bias towards supporting calls for the US legislators to lower the legal drinkin g age to 18 years. The debate on the drinking age is one that has been there from the beginning of the 20th century. This is because alcoholism has become a public delinquency problem with the government forced to step and set limits. The intervention took the form of the 1919 18th Amendment that prohibited alcohol making, trade, and consumption within the US. Rather than act as an effectiveShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers of Underage Drinking775 Words   |  4 Pagesthe legal minimum age of alcohol should not drink, nor should it be lowered. Researchers say that giving alcoholic beverages under 21 could create a lethal addiction and would not have the responsibility to drink. 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Alcoholism affects many people in the United States but promoting it at such young age would not be such a great idea for the youths in today’s society.The drinking age should not be lowered due to the fact that it

Understanding Technology Integration A Brief Examination of SAMR, TIM, and TPACK Free Essays

In the article Technology, Models, and 21st – Century Learning: How Models, Standards, and Theories Make Learning Powerful by Dr. David Marcovitz and Natalie Janiszewski, M.Ed. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Technology Integration: A Brief Examination of SAMR, TIM, and TPACK or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2015), the reader is introduced to several models used to improve educators’ integration of technology. The integrative technology models discussed include several widely-used models, which are: SAMR, TPACK, Technology Integration Matrix or TIM, TPACK, and Bloom’s Taxonomy, and trudacot. The readers are provided with ways to combine all five models to create a meaningful and effective learning environment. The various sections of the article outlined how to extend the models in order to improve its effectiveness. For example, the authors discussed how to move from a tool-centered approach which focuses mainly on the technology applications to a purpose-centered approach, which is centered on higher-order thinking. In the article Integrating Technology into Instructional Practice, authors Eric Sheninger and Weston Kieschnick (2018) discussed how educators can purposefully integrate technology in order to achieve optimal results. The article focused in only three models: SAMR, TPACK, and TIM; however, the piece did include the Rigor/Relevance Framework, which is an action-oriented continuum for teachers to develop instruction, assessment and learning goals both with and without the use of technology (Sheninger Kieschnick, 2018). One of the most notable models for technology integration, the SAMR model developed by Dr. Ruben Puentedura, examines how technology is integrated from a hierarchical perspective and how it enhances learning. SAMR stands for Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition and includes simple substitution or modification at the lower levels of integration and transformative integration at the higher levels (Sheninger Kieschnick, 2018). The model is divided into â€Å"above the line† and â€Å"below the line† applications and the goal is for teachers to aspire to and learners to achieve above the line use of technology (Sheninger Kieschnick, 2018). Educators suggest that SAMR focuses too much on technology and integration is often to simply save teachers’ time. However, when combined with a model of learning SAMR can students use technology in more meaningful ways. The SAMR framework, is essentially focuses on levels of use of educational technology and is a great model for determining when, how, and why technology should be integrated. The Technology Integration Matrix or TIM incorporates five levels of technology integration with five characteristics of the learning environment. Developed at the Center for Instructional Technology at the University of South Florida and adapted buy the Arizona K12 Center in 2012, TIM does not focus solely on technology tools, but also how a powerful learning environment can be influenced by meaningful technology (Marcovitz ; Janiszewski, 2015). Each level of integration illustrates what technology use looks like rudimentary level, up to the most transformative technology usage level. The vertical axis of TIM focuses on five characteristics of the learning environment which include: active, collaborative, constructive, authentic, and goal oriented (Marcovitz ; Janiszewski, 2015). The basis of the horizontal axis is based on the progression with technology described by Sandholtz, Ringstaff, and Dwyer (1997) which include: Entry, Adoption, Adaption, Infusion, and Transformation. These five stages provide insight on integration of technology as well as provide a pathway for growth. Below is a snapshot of the TIMS five stages. Entry refers to the initial use of technology tools to deliver content to students. This is teacher-directed/focused. Adoption refers to teachers having the ability to direct students in the use of technology tools. This is also teacher-directed/focused. Adaptation refers to teachers acting as facilitators to help students find ways to use technology independently. This is moving towards the student-directed approach. Infusion occurs when students and teacher are comfortable with the integration of technology to the point that the teacher can define a learning objective and students are able to choose the appropriate technology tools to achieve it. Transformation occurs when the teacher encourages innovative use of technology tools and use technology tools to enable higher-order learning activities not possible without the technology. Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge or TPACK framework outlines the interconnectedness to three primary forms of knowledge: (1) content, (2) pedagogy, and (3) technology. Extended from Shulman’s concept of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, TPACK views technology knowledge is mastered once content and pedagogical knowledge has been mastered (Marcovitz Janiszewski, 2015). TPACK is achieved when all three domains successfully come together. Furthermore, the successful integration of technology using TPACK is understood based on the context of the content and the pedagogy being used. Both articles were written to help educators evaluate the use technology and determine how to integrate them in to the instructional environment – both the teaching and learning. It appears that the goal of both articles was to describe how technology can be used to improve teaching and learning and not used just for the sake of it. Each article started with an introduction to the frameworks/models used to integrate technology followed by examples. There was much overlap between the information within the two articles which primarily discussed the same three main models: SAMR, TPACK, and TIM. However, Marcovitz and Janiszewki (2015), described how to purposely and effectively combine the models. For example, the authors discussed the creation of the Padagogy Wheel which is the combination of SAMR and Bloom’s Taxonomy in efforts to create higher-order learning. Furthermore, in Technology, Models, and 21st – Century Learning: How Models, Standards, and Theories Make Learning Powerful by Dr. David Marcovitz and Natalie Janiszewski, M.Ed. (2015), the authors focused on combining five models, which could be bit overwhelming especially for a novice educator such as myself. In contrast, Integrating Technology into Instructional Practice provided a more detailed and simplistic analysis of the three models. Additionally, I appreciated how the authors also provided examples of applications and graphics that would appeal to the reader. The final section of the article discussed five steps to integrating technology that is rigorous and relevant for the learners. This portion of the article was extremely useful because it provided a quick blueprint on what educators should know about technology and its impact on the learning environment and real-world application. Overall, both articles were well written and provided enough information and resources about the three models and helped me understand which model would be best once I become the facilitator. Based on the readings and additional research, I believe that TIM would be most suitable for the adult learning environment where I am the facilitator. I appreciate how TIM is not a â€Å"one size fits all† approach. Instead, the facilitator can use the matrix in a way that supports learners at all stages or entry points without compromising the goal to increase higher-order thinking. Furthermore, it can be easily combined with other technology integration models, if necessary, in order to achieve optimal results for both the teacher and learner. The matrix supports differentiation and will allow me to integrate technology beginning with teacher-directed activities to student-directed activities. In other words, technology integration slowly goes from teacher facilitated to student-directed while encouraging learners to become more responsible for their learning during each of the five levels (Jonassen, Howland, Moore, ; Marra, R., 2003). For example, I could initially facilitated instruction using an overhead projector, PowerPoint or video (Entry level of integration) which is a comfortable starting point for an adult learning environment-especially those returning to school after an extended period away. However, the goal is to move from lower or conventional levels of integration to complex or higher-order level thinking. I want to be able to put my students in the driver’s seat, and TIM allows me to gradually get them there. So once a learner has reached the transformative level they have the option to use different or unconventional technology tools based on what works for them. TIM integration is easy to follow. Furthermore, there are additional resources available to assist educators with preparing to use and navigating TIM. These resources include the Technology Integration Matrix Lesson Observation Tool (TIM-O) which is a tool that can be used for formative feedback, peer coaching, or professional development (TIM evaluation tools, 2018). There is also the Lesson Plan Review Tool (TIM-LP) which was designed to guide the school principals, curriculum specialists/master teachers and direct facilitators through the process of evaluating the level of technology integration and its effectiveness within a particular lesson plan (TIM evaluation tools, 2018). Having access to these additional tools is what makes TIM for distinctive and appealing to my teaching philosophy. As a new educator, I appreciate how TIM provides descriptors for how student and teacher activities should take place or consist of. Furthermore, it breaks down the complexity of each levels which will allow me to facilitate in a manner that is effective for me and the learner. TIM encourages both the teacher and student take ownership of the learning. During my time in this program, I have realized that adult learners thrive when they have some ownership of their learning. Furthermore, TIM would allow me to integrate both conventional and complex technology tools which will be useful for a diverse adult learning environment. This will ensure that my learners will have access to technology based on their entry level and exposure to more complex tools to prepare them for future usage (in order to achieve that higher-order thinking). There are no rules for integrating technology. However, the most effective teachers understand when, how, and why technology is being used, does not use it to save time or simplify their lessons and integrates technology in order to achieve optimal levels of higher-ordered learning. References Jonassen, D., Howland J., Moore, J., Marra, R. (2003). Learning to solve problems with technology: A constructivist perspective (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall. Marcovitz, D. M., Janiszewski, N. (2015). Technology, models, and 21st – century learning: how models, standards, and theories make learning powerful. Retrieved from https://udc.blackboard.com/sessions/D683640F52B5810C156C82AA187FB186/a6d1db7ccf5a4bac8dafbb580e41d854/ModelsofTechIntegration.pdf Sheninger, E.C., Kieschnick, W. (2018). Integrating technology into instructional practice: using the rigor/relevance framework as the primary tool for success blended learning. Retrieved from http://leadered.com/pdf/ IntegratingTechnologyInstructionalPractice.pdf TIM evaluations tools. (2018). Retrieved from http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/web-page-no-author.aspx How to cite Understanding Technology Integration: A Brief Examination of SAMR, TIM, and TPACK, Papers

Market Segmentation and Decision Making in IT Industry

Question: Discuss about the Market Segmentation and Decision Making in IT Industry. Answer: Introduction Market segmentation is whereby you have a broad consumer market of both existing and potential consumers and subdivide it into small groups known as segments. The segments will, therefore, consist of a group of individuals with same characteristic and preferences for the good and service being offered. Day by day, the customer population and preferences are becoming wider. Ultimately, the competitive options are becoming more available, as the market segmentation become very critical in any business or marketing plan. Companies that launch products are considering market segmentation, and through the conceptualization of the market segment, rightful customers are targeted. Apparently, by targeting the right consumers, businesses probably utilizes the best sales and marketing channels that are capable to significantly influence consumers purchasing behavior. Apple is a global company that specializes in manufacturing and selling of information technology products. Apple Inc develops and sells computer software, electronics and offers online services (Lublin, 2014). This industry is characterized by creativity and innovation and the technology that work perfectly well today may not be the best if not improved. Hence, there is a robust advancement in the products and services offered by various companies in IT sector (Johnson et al., 2008). Apple Inc has to identify the potential customers that exist so that appropriate sales and marketing strategies are proactively applied. This report has firstly expounded on Apple growth, profitability and applied PESTLE to analyze business environment. Secondly, this paper has succinctly examined market segment for Apple Inc by identifying primary and secondary target market. Moreover, it has described the level of involvement of the primary segments likely have on this organization regarding decision making. Finally, this paper has discussed the nature of competition in this industry and further created a positioning map for the marketplace of this company. Business environmental audit: PESTLE analysis Political factors Political factors, considers the government placed policies. These policies positively and negatively affect IT companies. Because Apple manufactures most of its products in China, political instability could adversely affect the production. The growing anti-Americanism in China will probably affect manufacturing and sale of products in China. Additionally, the toughing environmental and labor laws in the U.S.A are probable challenges for Apple to retain its competitiveness. Economic factors There is an overall rise of middle-class disposable incomes. This has continually created the gap for computer hardware and software thus creating more opportunities for production of these. IT is saving time and energy for most business. Apple has been affected by economic crises that affected its markets (Cheney, 2010). Also, high unemployment rate affects its sales in some regions. Moreover, the strong American Dollar increases the exchange rates hence making Apple products expensive in developing countries, China, and other regions with a weak currency. Social factors The social factors look into employees right, language barriers, race, nationality, etc. Apple is keen in ensuring there is a minimal customer-product mismatch, and this could be a result of increased cultural diversity. The different social classes provide an opportunity to provide even high standard customers who are only for high-quality services and product that are similarly expensive. Apple has applied franchise in India and acquisition to enhance growth and further provide products that suit customer needs. For instance, Apple acquired Prime Sense and Embark as part of a strategy to strengthen its market position. Moreover, the ethical concern in China about the manufacturing of Apple products may affect the purchase of its product by ethical conscious consumers. Technological factors Technology is changing every day which acts as an opportunity for innovation. It is, perhaps, costly since changes are happening spontaneously and a company may come up with a product today, and tomorrow it is obsolete (Nerkar Shane, 2007). There is a daily increase in demand for mobile phones and tablets, and this is an opportunity for technology providing companies. Apple lead in innovation has enabled it to manufacture unique product hence retaining its large market share. However, frequent change in environment imperatively requires Apple to significantly invest in research and development to improve continuation in innovation (Shaughnessy, 2013). Legal factors There are regulations on electronic waste disposal, and this is one way to improve company image to the public by coming up with effective disposal and recycling programs. Also, the patents laws that aim to reduce software piracy are formulated which perhaps increases Apple exposure to litigation risks. The entrance of Apple into the provision of financial services through Apple Pay exposes it to more regulations and oversight by the government. On the other hand, there is increasing governmental support for automation which presents opportunities for increase computer technology sales via governmental clients. The increasing international trade agreements develop a remote or macro-environment that supports an increase in global sales. Information Technology Industry Analysis: Current trends in growth of IT industry Today, there has been a tremendous change in the IT industry which has been spurred by robust innovation and creativity. Perfect and effective technologies are being developed hence enhancing trade and industrialization (Johnson et al., 2012). As activities and processes get simplified in industries, the primary providers of these technologies are also ensuring that the current technologies are improved daily. Profitability The most important driver for profit increment remains the inspiration from the most government to achieve economic prosperity by customizing on technology hence increasing the demand for technologies. Ultimately, incremental charges like license renewal, servicing, and acquisition of spare parts keep impacting positively on the sales of IT providers companies (Adam, 2013). In other cases, profits earned by most innovative companies do not fall significantly but mostly improve. For instance, the gross profit for Apple Inc for 2013-2016 was $64,304,000, $70,537,000, $93,626,000 and $84, 263,000 respectively. Perhaps, the gross income has decreased but Apple has continually realized significant profits. Therefore, the profitability of businesses in this industry depends on the competitive scope of a company in providing innovative products (Thielen, 2012). Threats and opportunities of the industry Apple has the opportunity for business diversification where there is a new business development that includes sales of a range of products which is fundamental in increasing revenues. There is the increased adoption of mobile technology (Apple Inc, 2014). Everyone from the young to the old needs a phone, so there is the opportunity to design a mobile phone that are user-friendly and that have different qualities for each age group. However, weaknesses exist, such as vulnerability to cyber crime. It limits the attractiveness of Apple software (Tech, 2013). Competition in the Industry Despite Apple success in serving a large market share in the globe, it faces stiff competition from rivals. For instance, mobile computers face competition from Dell, Acer, Lenovo, and Hewlett-Packard. Smartphones face stiff competition from Samsung and Sony. Mobile payment faces competition from Pay Pal and Google. Simply, IT industry is very competitive hence increasing the rate of obsoleteness in the products manufactured and sold by companies. In as much as the tremendous change in technology may be perceived as a challenge for the key providers of IT services, however, the changes offer the opportunity to help come up with products and services that meet customers demands accordingly (Adam, 2013). The high pace of advancement in this industry is a major threat not only to Apple but also other companies. This is whereby fraud and identity theft is done via computer internets. Another threat is piracy, which is becoming too rampant in developing nations. Moreover, there is also strong rivalry in the industry. Such rivalry threatens Apple growth and development. Apple has diversified its operations to surmount the ever pressing competition (Fan Xiao, 2015). Many firms are in software and hardware business, and some are selling them cheaply because of the poor quality which makes Apple lower prices in spite of quality being high thus affecting the profits. Apple has a strong financial position which is derived from the overwhelming sales volume. High revenues are generated from the wide range of quality products sold globally (Porter, 2008). Apple sales are very high and keep increasing which has enabled it to have the funds for innovations and improving its products (Tan, 2013). These high revenues have been as a result of having a good image and properly positioning their products and services to customers (Murray, 2014). Customers are more encouraged to buy goods from Apple because its product can be trusted. Products are of high quality and do not easily break. Also having alliances with other companies in the IT industry through franchising has greatly helps it in developing best products that always meet customer expectation. Apple has a strong market for software, like above mentioned, customers like being identified with suppliers who are reliable. Therefore, Apple rigorously customizes on any available opportunity which has as sisted it to retain competitive advantages over rivals in IT sector. Consumer Targeting and Segmentation: Market segmentation Consumer targeting refers to the process of identifying the potential market for the product and applying the right marketing and promotional mix with the primary objective of increasing the company sales (James et al., 2009). As earlier discussed, a company must identify customers that should be given priority. The target market is determinable by firstly conducting research on the market. This, however, does not mean that the fewer priority consumers are left. Apple applies four types of market segmentation, that is, geographical, demographic, behavioral and psychographic segmentation. Every segment is profiled, and the attractiveness of each is evaluated so as to determine the most profitable market to the least profitable. Market Segmentation helps the business to precisely provide particular consumers with specific needs and wants (Grewal and Levy, 2010). Apple primarily uses demographic segmentation. This is whereby the business is targeting market based on age group. Different age group, for instance, has a preference for different type of mobile phones. Age between 18-35years is said to be using phones whose features are very high. This age group is an earning group and is in middle crisis so is the group likely to buy high-quality phones at a high price. Also on sales of OS and software, its target is gender-based, and for this case, male gender is more targeted (Michael and Todd, 2011). Additionally, Apple primarily uses geographic segmentation whereby, it is expanding its distributions and operations to developing countries. Apple is targeting developing nations because of the increased governmental support towards propelling economic development through the embrasure of technology. Secondary behavioral segmentation is used. In this type, the usage rate is looked into, and further brand loyalty. Apple has managed to provide reliable services, and therefore it has a clique of customer who always comes back to purchase products because of the loyalty created (YouSigma, 2008). Another secondary segment used is psychographic. Psychographic segmentation is whereby the product and services are usually offered to different society classes (lifestyle) and also based on the opinions. If a certain group believes a certain product is good, then that whole society should be marketed for that particular product they feel is good for them. The level of involvement the primary segment is likely to have on decision making. The primary segment helps in targeting the right customers. Segmenting makes it easier to target customers (Yue Tong, 2009). The segment, therefore, influences which customers are to be prioritized. It also determines the firm position. For instance, if it is advertising, segmentation helps the management to understand how the company can carry it out to reach the target customers. With the geographic segmenting it is wise to advertise the product on price and quality as well as how it is of benefit to the target customers (Sweeting, 2013). Consideration of primary segmenting also gives the full and clear picture of what the target customer wants. It is possible to make a decision if a company can meet all customers need and how to meet these needs. This segmentation is important because it gives ideas for growth and innovation. By bearing in mind that a market has different classes, primary segmentation aids in determining and noticing any arising opportunities as quickly as possib le (Ingram et al., 2009). positioning map Firstly, the determinant attributes are ascertained. These are the main factors that the consumer will rely on to make a purchase decision. The next step is to list the leading competitors in the market for all the products. Finally is to create scores for the chosen brands. With the behavioral segmentation, it is apparent that there are a high standard and middle standards customers. It is thus an opportunity to ensure both customer standards are met. This increases sales since the markets are well covered. Market positioning map ensures that the customer services offered as well are of high standard. Figure 1.1 Positioning map Conclusion In conclusion, the external factors will always be there, and it is the duty of the business to comply. In some instances, failing to comply may lead to heavy penalties, closure of the business or creating a bad image which will scare away existing and potential customers. Again, it is very important to conduct a SWOT analysis and identify the strengths so as to capitalize on them as well as the opportunities available. This will help in identifying the existing weaknesses that could compromise the overall working of the business and determine threats such as competitors so as to ensure the business has a competitive advantage in the market. Also for the business to have a clearly stated target market, it must segment, target and position its market. Segmenting, targeting and positioning generally increases the focus of the company to its market, improves its competitiveness, market expansion is possible especially with the geographic segment that provides an opportunity to go global , and further enhances customer retention. For the organization to thrive well in the environment its operating in or planning to launch a new product it must understand, the entire environment well starting with the political situation, the prevailing economic factors, the importance of culture, technological situation, the legislations regulating the environment and the environmental concerns of the industry. In the case of making decisions also, the company has to analyze internal factors and external factors that are likely to affect the business. Sometimes, it is hard to accurately map out a business future without first evaluating it from all angles. This mapping includes an exhaustive look into all internal and external sources of threats. 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